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{"id":376,"date":"2022-11-02T03:05:22","date_gmt":"2022-11-02T03:05:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asohemo.com\/?page_id=376"},"modified":"2022-11-02T03:07:58","modified_gmt":"2022-11-02T03:07:58","slug":"la-genetica-y-la-herencia-de-la-hemofilia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/asohemo.com\/la-genetica-y-la-herencia-de-la-hemofilia\/","title":{"rendered":"La gen\u00e9tica y la herencia de la hemofilia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Los genes se encuentran alojados en las c\u00e9lulas del cuerpo en estructuras llamadas cromosomas. Los genes relacionados con la hemofilia se ubican en el cromosoma \u201cX\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
El cromosoma X tambi\u00e9n es llamado \u201ccromosoma sexual\u201d porque ayuda a determinar si una persona es hombre o mujer. Los hombres tienen un cromosoma X que heredan de sus madres, y un cromosoma Y que heredan de sus padres. Las mujeres tienen dos cromosomas X: uno heredado de sus madres y otro de sus padres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si el cromosoma X que un hombre hereda de su madre tiene el gene alterado o cambiado, ese hombre tendr\u00e1 hemofilia. Si una mujer hereda una copia del gene alterado ya sea de su madre o de su padre, se dir\u00e1 que \u201cporta\u201d el gene de la hemofilia y por eso se le conoce como \u201cportadora\u201d. En otras palabras, esa mujer tiene una copia normal del gene y otra copia alterada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Todas las hijas de un padre con hemofilia heredar\u00e1n la copia alterada de su cromosoma X. Ninguno de sus hijos resultar\u00e1 afectado porque su \u00fanico cromosoma X lo heredan de la madre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Las portadoras tienen un gene normal y otro alterado. Tienen 50% de posibilidades de transmitir el gene alterado a cada hijo. Los ni\u00f1os que hereden el gene alterado de su madre tendr\u00e1n hemofilia; las ni\u00f1as que hereden el gene alterado de su madre ser\u00e1n portadoras.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
Lionizaci\u00f3n<\/strong> En cada c\u00e9lula del cuerpo de una mujer, uno de los dos cromosomas X est\u00e1 apagado o \u201csuprimido\u201d. Este proceso se conoce como \u201clionizaci\u00f3n\u201d, en honor de Mary Lyon, la primera en describirlo. La lionizaci\u00f3n es un proceso aleatorio que no ha sido completamente entendido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si el cromosoma que es suprimido es el que tiene el gene alterado, la c\u00e9lula producir\u00e1 factor de coagulaci\u00f3n. Si el cromosoma con el gene normal es suprimido, la c\u00e9lula no producir\u00e1 factor de coagulaci\u00f3n o el factor de coagulaci\u00f3n que produzca no funcionar\u00e1 adecuadamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En promedio, las portadoras de hemofilia tendr\u00e1n cerca del 50 por ciento de la cantidad normal de factor de coagulaci\u00f3n porque m\u00e1s o menos la mitad de sus c\u00e9lulas tendr\u00e1n el gene \u201cbueno\u201d apagado. Algunas portadoras tienen niveles todav\u00eda menores de factor de coagulaci\u00f3n porque m\u00e1s de los cromosomas X con el gene normal est\u00e1n apagados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fuente: Federaci\u00f3n Mundial de Hemofilia \/ Actualizado 2012 – 2016<\/em><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Los genes se encuentran alojados en las c\u00e9lulas del cuerpo en estructuras llamadas cromosomas. Los genes relacionados con la hemofilia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-376","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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